What type of disturbance can increase BER due to unwanted interference?

Ingress is a type of disturbance that occurs when unwanted signals enter a cable system, which can significantly increase the Bit Error Rate (BER). This unwanted interference can originate from various external sources, such as radio frequency interference (RFI) or electromagnetic interference (EMI). When signals from outside sources mix with the intended data signals, it disrupts the proper functioning of the transmission, leading to an increased number of errors in data reception. The more these unwanted signals mix with the desired signals, the harder it becomes for the receiver to accurately interpret the incoming data. This results in a higher BER, which indicates a lower quality of the transmitted data.

In contrast, baseline noise refers to the inherent noise present in a communication channel that can affect signal clarity but is not specifically due to external sources infiltrating the system. Signal echo occurs when a transmitted signal bounces back and interferes with the original signal, which can create confusion but is more related to reflections within the system rather than external interference. Digital distortion is related to the alterations in a digital signal's waveform due to non-linearities in the transmission medium, affecting the integrity of the digital signal itself, but not necessarily from external interference entering the system. Thus, ingress clearly stands out as the interference type that