What does grounding refer to in electrical systems?

Grounding in electrical systems refers to the practice of connecting an object to the earth with a conductor. This connection provides a reference point for voltage levels and helps ensure safety by allowing electrical faults to safely dissipate into the ground. Grounding serves to protect both equipment and people from electrical surges, lightning, and other voltage disruptions by providing a low-resistance pathway for excess current. This method stabilizes the electrical system, reduces electromagnetic interference, and helps prevent damage to electrical components.

While joining metallic parts to form an electrically conductive path, measuring electrical resistance, and providing electrical insulation are all important aspects of electrical systems, they do not specifically define grounding. Grounding is solely focused on establishing a direct physical connection to earth, which is crucial for the overall safety and functionality of electrical installations.